Needle cannula position as an input to operational control of an injection device

ABSTRACT

A method is disclosed for state sensing and controlling of a multi-state drug delivery device. In some embodiments a power switch is reused as a state sensor. Optionally the state sensor may be toggled by user actions and/or the movements of parts of the device, for example needle and/or a protective element. Optionally, drug discharge and/or status indication is controlled in accordance with sensor output. In some embodiments control is by means of a processor. Alternatively or additionally, control is by means of simple physical circuits.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/683,253, filed on Apr. 10, 2015, entitled “Needle CannulaPosition as an Input to Operational Control of an Injection Device,”currently pending, the entire contents of which are incorporated byreference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a controlsystem for a drug delivery device, more particularly, but notexclusively, to a system to sense the stages of operation of anautoinjector.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0207080 to Allerdings“relates to a method and to a monitoring device for monitoring operationof a drug delivery device, the monitoring device comprising of at leasta first and a second sensor arranged at a distance from each other withregard to a first direction and being adapted to generate a first and asecond electrical signal in response to an operation of the device, aprocessing unit configured to determine a time delay between the firstand the second electrical signals and being adapted to determine atleast one state parameter of the drug delivery device on the basis ofsaid time delay.”

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0171881 to the presentinventor discloses, “a method of preparing a compound device for use.The device may include a sealed component and an active outer surface.The outer surface may be protected by a surface cover. Preparing thedevice may include activating the active outer surface by removing thesurface cover and exposing an internal portion of the sealed componentto the exterior of the device by unsealing the sealed component andsynchronizing the activating and said unsealing using a coupler attachedto the surface cover and the sealed component.”

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0163526 to the presentinventor discloses that, “an automated injection device may be loadedwith a standard type syringe and/or hypodermic needle. Optionally thesyringe may be supplied loaded with medicine and/or covered with asterile needle cover. The syringe may be loaded into the injectorwithout breaking the sterility (for example in a sterile environmentand/or without removing a sterile needle cover). Injector may includefor example a fastener (for example an adhesive base). In someembodiments, the fastener and/or a stabilizer may assist a user to holdinjector steady on the skin of a patient for an extended period. Forexample, injector may be used to give injections of volume rangingbetween 0.5 and 3.0 ml over a time period ranging between 30 sec to 180sec.”

Additional background art includes International Patent ApplicationPublication No. WO2013/173092 to the present inventor.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there isprovided a method of reusing a power switch as a sensor to indicatemultiple stages of operation of a delivery drug delivery devicecomprising: Providing a device where the power switch interrupts a powersupply circuit; toggling of the switch to activate the device; engagingthe device to a subject, the engaging causing a further toggling theswitch while the device remains activated; initiating discharge of thedrug in response to the further toggling of the switch.

According to some embodiments of the invention, during when the powersupply is interrupted, substantially no power is consumed by the device.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the action is triggeredwhen the further toggling occurs in a predefined time period after thetoggling and wherein an alternative action is triggered if the furthertoggling occurs previous to the time period.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the action is triggeredwhen a plunger movement is within a predetermined range in a predefinedtime period and wherein an alternative action is triggered when theplunger movement is outside of the predetermined range in thepredetermined time period.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the initiating occurs inresponse to the further toggling in a predefined time period after thetoggling and wherein an alternative action is triggered if the furthertoggling does not occur within the time period.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the toggling is byremoving a protective element from the device, the protective elementinhibiting the engaging of the device to a subject.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: disengaging of the device from the subject causing yetanother toggling of the switch; indicating to a user of a completion ofdelivery via a coded output to in response to the yet another togglingof the switch.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: disengaging of the device from the subject causing yetanother toggling of the switch; stopping discharge of the drug inresponse to the yet another toggling.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there isprovided a method of staged operation of an autoinjector comprising:sensing a change in position of an injection needle; determining a stateof the autoinjector in response to the sensing, and indicating the stateto a user with a coded output.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the change in positionincludes inserting the needle past a skin contact surface of theautoinjector into a subject and wherein the coded output indicates thatthe autoinjector is operating properly.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: removing a protective element from the autoinjector by auser, the removing causing connecting of a power supply circuit therebyactivating the autoinjector; further indicating via another coded outputto the user a ready state of the device in response to the activating.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: engaging by a user of the device to a subject after thefurther indicating, and wherein the inserting a needle is a result ofthe engaging.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: initiating discharging of the drug in response to the sensingof the change in position.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: disengaging of the device in response to a completion of thedischarging, the disengaging including retraction of the needle withrespect to a skin contact surface.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method furthercomprises: sensing the retracting or manual retracting or disconnectingfrom the skin and signaling via a further coded output to a user thecompletion of operation of the device, the signaling in response to thesensing of the retracting.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there isprovided a status sensor assembly for a multi-stage drug delivery devicecomprising: a first power supply circuit; a processor; a power switchisolating the first power supply circuit from the processor when thedevice is in an inactive stage and wherein in response to toggling ofthe power switch when the device is in the inactive stage the powersupply circuit is connected to the processor, supplying power to theprocessor; the processor programmed to initiate an activated stage ofthe device in response to the supplying of power to the processor; atrigger assembly positioned to re-toggle the power switch uponengagement of the device to a subject; a sensor circuit indicating tothe processor the re-toggling of the switch, the processor programmed toswitch the device to a discharging stage in response to the indicatingof the re-toggling; a driver responsive to the processor, the driverdischarging the drug from the device when the device is in the dischargestage.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the assembly furthercomprises: a second power supply circuit, the second power supplycircuit supplying no power to the processor when the device is in theinactive stage, the second power supply circuit responsive to theprocessor for supplying power to the processor in a discharging stage.

According to some embodiments of the invention, in the inactive stage,substantially no power is supplied to the processor.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the assembly furthercomprises: a protective element, inhibiting engagement of the device toa subject the protective element connected to the power switch forperforming the toggling when the protective element is removed from thedevice.

A protective element, inhibiting engagement of the device to a subjectsaid protective element connected to said power switch for performingsaid toggling when said protective element is removed from the device.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms usedherein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinaryskill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used inthe practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplarymethods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, thepatent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition,the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are notintended to be necessarily limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way ofexample only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specificreference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that theparticulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrativediscussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, thedescription taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled inthe art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

In the drawings:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are flow charts illustrations of methods of controllinga drug delivery device in accordance with embodiments of the currentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a state diagram illustrating states and/or stages of operationof a drug delivery device in accordance with an embodiment of thecurrent invention;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams a drug delivery device in accordancewith an embodiment of the current invention;

FIGS. 4A-4M are various views of a two sensor drug delivery device inaccordance with an embodiment of the current invention;

FIGS. 5A-5B are various views of a drug delivery device having powerswitch sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention;

FIGS. 6A-6D are schematic views of a state sensing assembly inaccordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Overview

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a controlsystem for a drug delivery device, more particularly, but notexclusively, to a system to sense the stages of operation of anautoinjector.

An aspect of some embodiments of the present invention relates to reuseof a power switch to sense stages of operation and/or states of a drugdelivery device. In the current disclosure reuse of a power switch as asensor means using same switch to selectively interrupt power and to actas a sensor by opening/closing a circuit In some embodiments, a powerswitch may be used to isolate a power supply (for example a battery) ofa drug delivery device. For example, before use and/or during storageisolating the power supply may preserve the power supply and/or reducethe risk of producing a spark in an explosive area (for example duringsterilization in Ethylene Oxide Chamber). In some embodiments, a usermay initially toggle the switch to activate the device before use. Inthe current disclosure the term toggle when used as a verb means toswitch a switch and/or device from one state to another state. A two-wayswitch may be toggled from a first state to a second state and thentoggled from the second state back to the first state. In someembodiments, the switch may be further toggled back and/or forth atfurther stages of operation and/or at various states of the injector.The order and/or timing of further toggling of the power switch may beused to sense the state of the device and/or control the device.Optionally, once the system has been activated, further toggling of theswitch may not deactivate the system and/or may not re-isolate the powersupply. For example the system may include an alternative power supplycircuit which powers the system once the power supply switch has beentoggled initially.

In some embodiments, toggling of the power switch after initialactivation of the device may trigger a further action. For example thetriggered action may depend on the timing and sequence of the toggling.For example, after the initial toggling, normal operation of the systemmay cause further toggling of the switch within a predefined timeperiod. If the switch is further toggled in the predefined time period,the device may be switched in the next operational stage and/or anindicator may be communicated to the user that the device is operatingproperly and/or has progressed to the next stage of operation. If theswitch is further toggled previous to the time period and/or is notfurther toggled during the time period, the device may cease operationand/or lock in a neutralized state and/or warn a user of a fault inoperation and/or take a corrective action. In some embodiments lockingis irreversible. Optionally locking is reversible. In some embodiments,reversing the locking of the device may be by the user. Alternatively oradditionally reversing the locking of the device may require asupervisor and/or a medical professional.

In some embodiments, the initially toggling of the switch may occur whenthe user un-packages the device and/or removes a safety cover of thedevice. Optionally, further toggling occurs when the device is engagedto a subject, for example the switch may be toggled by movement of adrug reservoir when injection needle is extended from the device.Optionally, further toggling occurs when the device is disengaged fromthe subject, for example the switch may be toggled by movement of a drugreservoir when the injection needle is retracted into the device.Optionally the user and the subject may be the same person and/or theymay be two different people.

An aspect of some embodiments of the present invention relates tocontrol system for a drug delivery device. Optionally the control systemwill sense status of the device based on the position of a drugreservoir and/or a protective covering of the device and/or of a needleassembly. The status may be determined by order and/or timing ofsensing. Optionally the control system will indicate to a user a statusof the device. For example, the system may inform the user that thedevice is ready for use and/or that the device is working properlyand/or that the device is malfunctioning and/or that the device hassuccessfully completed delivery. For example, a user indicator mayinclude a coded indicator.

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, itis to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in itsapplication to the details of construction and the arrangement of thecomponents and/or methods set forth in the following description and/orillustrated in the drawings and/or the Examples. The invention iscapable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out invarious ways.

Methods of Controlling a Multi-Stage Drug Delivery Device

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustration of amethod of controlling a multi-stage drug delivery device in accordancewith an embodiment of the current invention. For example, operation ofthe device may include three stages of proper delivery, an activatedstage 124 a and/or a discharging stage 124 b and/or a stopped stage 124c. Optionally, the device may enter activated stage 124 a when thedevice senses 104 a itself being prepared. Optionally, the device mayenter discharging stage 124 b when the device senses 104 b insertion 110of a needle. Optionally, the device may enter the stopped stage 124 cwhen the device senses 104 c disengaging 118 (for example retraction) ofa needle.

In some embodiments, a user may prepare 102 a device. For example,preparing the device may include unpacking the device and/or a manualaction following the like removing safety locker and/or needle protectorand/or an adhesive cover and/or removing the device from a box.Optionally, preparing 102 the device will activate 105 the device.Optionally, preparing 102 an element that is external and/or thatobviously impedes use may activate 105 an element that is internaland/or whose functioning is not obvious to the user. For example,preparing 102 the device may include removing a protective cover (forexample a needle cover and/or an adhesive protector). The device maysense 104 a removal of the cover. For example, removal of the cover maytoggle a sensor (for example a power switch). Toggling the power switchmay optionally connect a power supply to an active element of the deviceactivating 105 the device. For example, a processor may be connected tothe power supply and/or the processor may activate 105 the othercomponents of the device and/or send a coded signal to an output device.Optionally, upon activation, the output device (for example an LED) mayindicate 108 a a ready status of the device. For example, the outputdevice may present a coded status indicator. For example, an LED mayglow blue, indicating that the device has been activated 105 and/or isready to be engaged 110. Alternatively or additionally there may be analternative indicator, for example an audio and/or a tactile indicatorsuch as a noise and/or a vibration.

In some embodiments, when a user recognizes the ready indicator 108 a hemay engage 110 the device. For example, placing the device on the skinof the subject and/or pushing it against the skin of the subject mayengage 110 the device. Alternatively or additionally, engaging 110 mayinclude, pushing a needle into the subject and/or pushing a button. Insome embodiments, sensing 104 b the engaging may include toggling asensor by movement of the needle and/or by movement of an associatedpart of the device (for example a drug reservoir connected to theneedle). In some embodiments inserting a needle may include moving of aneedle tip that was behind a skin contacting element with respect to theskin contacting element to protrude beyond the skin contacting element.Optionally, inserting a needle may include moving the needle and/or thereservoir with respect to a housing; alternatively or additionally, thehousing may collapse (for instance be shortened) such that skin contactsurface moves with respect to the needle and/or with respect to anotherpart of the housing exposing the needle.

In some embodiments, when the device senses 104 b that it has beenengaged 110 to the subject, the device may enter a discharging stage 124b. For example, during discharging stage 124 b the drug may bedischarged 111 to the subject. Optionally, through the activated stage124 a the drug reservoir may remain in its originally filled state.During the discharge stage 124 b, the reservoir optionally goes from theoriginally filled stage through a partially filled state to a finaldrained state. In some embodiments the reservoir may be visible to theuser to see the state of the drug and/or the fill state of the reservoir(initially filled, partially drained and/or fully drained). In someembodiments, the initially filled reservoir may be filled to capacity.Alternatively or additionally, in the initially filled state, thereservoir may only be partially filled, for example between 90 to 100%and/or between 50 to 90% and/or between 20 to 50% capacity. In someembodiments the reservoir may include more than a single fluid orpowder. Optionally distributing the drug includes mixing the materials.In some embodiments the state of the reservoir, for example full,partially full, empty, including separate materials, partially mixedmaterials and/or fully mixed materials may be visible to the user (forexample through a window in the housing of the device).

In some embodiments, during discharge stage 124 b, the device maydisplay working indicator 108 b. For example, the working indicator mayinclude a blinking green LED. Optionally changing of stages, controllingactuators and/or motors and/or activation of indicators may becontrolled by a logic circuit for example a processor. Alternatively oradditionally, sensors and/or control logic may be the result of physicaldevices and/or physical changes and/or physical relationships betweenparts. For example, a needle movement sensor may include a physicalswitch. The switch optionally directly connects a motor and/or anindicator to a power supply. Engaging the needle may toggle the switchon and/or turn on an indicator and/or a motor etc.

In some embodiments, when the discharge finishes 116 the device maydisengage 118 from the subject. For example, the device may disengage118 when the reservoir reaches a fully drained state. In the fullydrained state the reservoir may be substantially empty. For example,discharge may be driven by a motor pushing a plunger. Discharge 111optionally continues as long as resistance to movement of the plunger isless than a determined value. When resistance rises (for example due tothe plunger reaching the end of the reservoir and/or due to a blockageof the fluid path) a release mechanism optionally causes the plungerand/or reservoir and/or needle to disengage 118. For exampledisengagement 118 may include retracting the needle and/or reservoirand/or plunger. In some embodiments, discharge 111 may end before thereservoir is empty. For example discharge may end when the reservoir is90% to 100% and/or between 50 to 90% and/or between 20 to 50% empty.

In some embodiments, disengaging 118 a drug delivery device from asubject may include retracting a needle. For example retracting a needlemay include moving the needle with respect to a stationary housingand/or lengthening the housing to cover the tip of the needle.

In some embodiments, the disengaging 118 is sensed 104 c by the device.Optionally, the sensed action may be a key outcome of disengaging and/oran action near the end of a causal chain. For example, retraction of theneedle may toggle a switch and/or an optical sensor and/or a fieldsensor (for example a Hall sensor and/or a magnetic sensor). Optionallyupon sensing disengagement 118, discharging 111 may be stopped 119 a.For example stopping 119 a discharging 111 may include stopping 119 a apump and/or an actuator and/or a motor. Alternatively or additionally,stopping 119 a may include nullifying a working indicator 108 b.Stopping optionally may preserve a power source for reuse. Alternativelyor additionally, stopping 119 a may include locking the device toprevent restarting. For example locking the device may include setting aflag to prevent reactivation. Optionally, upon sensing disengagement 118the device may enter disengaged mode 124 c. For example in disengagedmode 124 c, a safe to remove indicator 108 c may be displayed to theuser. Once the device is in disengaged stage 124 c a user may optionallyremove 122 the device. Optionally, a timer and/or indicator may warn theuser and/or a supervisor if the device is not removed within areasonable time period for example ranging between 1 second to 1 minand/or 1 to 3 minutes after injection is completed.

FIG. 1B illustrates a flow chart of a method of controlling a drugdelivery device in accordance with an embodiment of the currentinvention. In some embodiments a drug delivery device the device mayinclude diagnostic tests. The results of the diagnostic tests may beused to determine when to switch between modes and/or to the results ofthe diagnostic tests may be indicated to a user for example through acoded indicator.

In some embodiments, when a device is activated 105, the device runs aself check 106. Self check 106 may include, for example, checking abattery condition and/or a motor condition and/or checking the positionof a plunger and/or a telescoping element and/or the syringe positionand/or checking a flag, for example a Not-activated flag in the softwareand/or running check sum to verify that a software is OK. If the selfcheck comes out OK, then the device will optionally indicate 108 b thatit is ready for engagement to a subject. If there is a fault in selfcheck 106, then the injector optionally goes into an error state 124 d.

In some embodiments, there will be a time check for certain actions. Forexample after the indicating 108 b that the device is ready the systemmay wait for the user to engage 110 the device to a subject. Optionally,the system will keep checking the time 107 and sensing 104 a whether thedevice is engaged 110. If the time 107 period ends without engagement110, then the system optionally goes to an error state 124 d and/orindicates 108 d that an error has occurred. If the device senses 104 aengagement 110 before the end of the time period, then the systemoptionally enters discharge stage 124 b. For example, for a system wherea user is given an inactivated device and/or activates the device beforeuse, the engaging wait time before indicating 108 d an error may rangebetween 30 sec. to 2 minutes and/or between 2 to 5 min and/or between 5to 10 minutes and/or between 10 and 30 minutes. Alternatively oradditionally a device may have a programmable engaging timer. Forexample, a device may be made to be given to a user by a medicalprofessional in an activated state. The device may wait a certain timeperiod (for example ranging from one hour to 6 hours and/or from 6 hoursto two days) and alert the user that the time to take his medicine hascome (for example via a light indicator and/or an audio alarm and/or acellular message). Then the device may optionally wait to be engaged.For example the device may wait a time period ranging between 30 sec. to2 minutes and/or between 2 to 5 min and/or between 5 to 10 minutesand/or between 10 and 30 minutes and/or between 30 minutes to two hours.If the device is not engaged by the end of the wait period it mayindicate an error.

In some embodiments, an error indicator may include a coded messageassociated with the device. For example, a LED may glow red and/or blinkred. Alternatively or additionally, there may be an auditory indicatorand/or a cellular message may be sent. For example the message may besent to the user and/or to a supervisor and/or a medical professional.The cellular message is optionally different details from the messageassociated with the device. For example the message to a user may “sayfault consult your doctor” whereas the message to a doctor may havedetails of the error (whether any medicine was administered, how longand what time did the error occur etc.).

In some embodiments, when a fault occurs and/or when the device hassuccessfully completed operation, the device may be locked to preventuse of the device against instructions. Alternatively or additionallythere may be a warning period and/or a warning indicator. If correctiveaction is not taken during the warning period the device may be locked.Alternatively or additionally, the device may remain usable when anerror occurs and/or may lock due to certain errors and remain usablewhen there are other errors. Locking may be permanent and/or reversible(reversing the locking may be available to the user and/or only to amedical professional). For example, for a device with an experienceduser (for example an insulin pump) the indications and/or options forthe user may be more complex and include more options and/or morereversibility. For example, for a device for inexperienced users and/ormore limited users (for example an injector for use by cancer patientand/or geriatric patients) the errors may be stricter, the instructionssimpler and/or the options more limited and/or the waiting timesshorter. In some embodiments the device may have a reset switch tounlock the device. The reset switch may be hidden and/or protected fromuser activation. Alternatively the reset switch may be available to theuser. For example, after the device is locked, activating the resetswitch may be cause the device to return to the unactivated and/orinitial and/or unlocked state. Optionally there may be a warning and/ortime delay before returning to the unactivated and/or initial and/orunlocked state.

In some embodiments, discharge stage 124 b may have a time limit. Forexample, if discharging does not finish 116 within a determined time up114 a period, the device may go into an error state 124 d. For example,the device may go into an time out error if the motor is not properlyconnected to the plunger such the system may never discharge and/ordischarge may never finish 116. Alternatively or additionally, if thesystem disengages before a determined minimum time period 114 b, thesystem may go into error state 124 d. For example, a sub-minimum timeerror may occur when there is a blockage in a fluid path and/or theresistance to movement of the plunger rises high enough to cause thesystem to prematurely disengage 118. The minimal discharge time period114 b and/or maximum time period 114 a may vary, for example, accordingto the expected discharge time, the consequences of an under-dose, theconsequences of a mistaken missed delivery, the level of supervision,the expected variability of the discharge time, the physical conditionof the user, the mental condition of the user and/or the experience ofthe user (for example the likelihood to recognize and correct errorsthemselves). For example, the minimal discharge time period 114 b mayrange between 0 to 20% of the expected time period and/or between 20 to50% and/or between 50 to 80% of the expected discharge period. Forexample, the maximum time period 114 b may range between 100 to 120% ofthe expected time period and/or between 120 to 150% and/or between 150to 200% of the expected discharge period and/or between 200 to 500% ofthe expected discharge period. The expected time period for dischargemay vary for example with the viscosity and/or volume of the drug. Forhigh viscosity and/or high volume of drug the expected injection timemay increase.

In some embodiments, during discharge stage 124 b a plunger locationsensor may track motor rotation and/or plunger position (for examplewith magnetic or optic sensors). Plunger location is optionally used tofind if the injection process and plunger movement are according theprogram. In some embodiments, when plunger position deviates from aprogram by a sufficient amount, the device may enter an error state 124d.

In some embodiments, when the device enters an error state 124 d, thesystem may be stopped 119 b. For example, stopping in an error state 124d may include some or all of the options of stopping 119 a aftersuccessful discharging 124 b. In the error state 124 d the user maytrigger a safety release 120 and/or remove 122 the injector. Optionally,the triggering safety release retracts a needle and/or causes display ofa safety release indicator 121. For example the safety release indicator121 may indicate that it is safe to remove 122 the device (e.g. becausethe needle has been retracted) and/or that discharge 124 b did notcomplete successfully and/or a supervisor should be consulted.

States of a Drug Delivery Device

FIG. 2 is a state diagram illustrating stages of operation of a drugdelivery device in accordance with an embodiment of the currentinvention. In some embodiments a drug delivery device may have multiplestages of operation and/or states. A coded output device may indicate toa user the current stage of operation of the device. A sensor and/or areusable power switch may be used to determine timing and/or order ofchanges of state of the device. Control of the device and/or userindicators may be according to the output of the sensor and/or reusablepower switch.

Optionally, an active output device such as a light and/or a soundsource may supply reassuring feedback when the device is functioningproperly. An alternative indicator may inform the user of the status ofdelivery when the device is not active. For example, a passive signand/or an optical path formed in the housing to view the reservoirand/or a state of the reservoir may make it possible as ascertainwhether and/or how much medicine was discharged and/or whether thedevice was used and/or whether the device went through and error state.

In some embodiments a delivery device may have multiple stages ofdelivery. For example the device may have an activated stage 124 aand/or a discharging stage 124 b and/or a disengaged stage 124 c. Eachstage of delivery optionally has an active and/or coded and/ordistinctive status indicator for reassuring a user that delivery isproceeding properly and/or to help the user determine in a very simpleway what he needs to do. Alternatively or additionally a device may havean error state and/or an active and/or coded and/or distinctive errorindicator.

In some embodiments a delivery device may have multiple inactive states.For example a device may have an unactivated and/or preliminary state224 a and/or a successful delivery stopped state 224 c and/or and errorstopped 224 d state. Optionally some or all of the inactive states mayhave a passive indicator that allows a user and/or a supervisor (forexample a medical professional and/or a caregiver) determines whetherand/or how much medicine was discharged and/or whether deliveryproceeded normally.

Schematic Diagrams of a Drug Delivery Device

FIG. 3A is a block diagram a drug delivery device in accordance with anembodiment of the current invention. For example, the device may includemultiple power circuits. For example a first power circuit 301 a may becontrolled by a power switch 304 a. Power switch 304 a may initiallyinsolate a power source 305 from a pumping sub-system 313 and/or anindicator 308. In some embodiments, power switch 304 a may be toggled toactivate the device by a user action (for example unpacking the device).After the system is activated, power switch 304 a may optionallyfunction as a sensor for determining a stage and/or state of the device.For example, power switch 304 a may be toggled by movements of a needleand/or a reservoir of the device.

In some embodiments, after the system is activated, a processor 326 maycontrol various components of the system. For example, processor 326 maysend commands to indicator 308. For example, indicator 308 may indicatea stage and/or status of the device to a user via coded output.Optionally, processor 326 may control discharge of a drug. For example,when a needle is engaged to a subject, processor 326 may send commandsand/or power (for example electrical current) to a motor 311 driving aplunger 312 to discharge the drug from a reservoir 314 through theneedle 310 into the subject.

In some embodiments, a second power circuit 301 b may be controlled by aMOFSET switch 304 b. MOFSET switch 304 b may initially insolate powersource 305 from a pumping sub-system 313 and/or indicator 308. When, thesystem is activated, the gate of MOFSET switch 304 b is optionallyopened by a voltage potential supplied through the first power circuitand/or via processor 326.

In some embodiments, after activation of the system, processor 326 maybe responsive to signals from a sensor. Optionally, after activation,power switch 304 a may be toggled by actions of the device whileprocessor 326 receives power over circuit 301 b. For example, powerswitch 304 a may be toggled by movements of reservoir 314 and/or needle310. Optionally, processor 326 may track the state of the device and/orissue commands based on the order and/or timing of toggling of switch304 a and/or based on the status of switch 304 a and/or other sensors.In some embodiments, reusing a switch for multiple indications mayreduce the number of sensors in the device. Reducing the number ofsensors optionally reduces cost of the device and/or reduces the size ofthe device.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram a drug delivery device in accordance with analternative embodiment of the current invention. In some embodiments,control of various sub-systems may be based on direct connections to oneor more sensors. Optionally the device may lack a central processor.

In some embodiments, motor 311 and/or output device 308 may be directlyconnected to a power switch. For example, when needle 310 is engaged toa subject, switch 304 is toggled on and/or motor 311 is optionallyturned on and/or output device 308 is activated producing a workingindicator. Optionally, motor 311 drives a plunger 312 discharging adrug. When needle 310 is disengaged from the subject, switch 304 isoptionally toggled off and/or motor 311 is optionally turned off,stopping discharge of the drug and/or output device is turned off and/orswitched to produce a second coded indication. For example the secondcoded indication may indicate that delivery has finished and/or that itis safe to remove the delivery device.

Power Switch Sensing User Actions

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a multistage drug delivery device in anunactivated state in accordance with an embodiment of the currentinvention. In some embodiments, a power switch 403 a and/or anotherswitch 403 b (for example see FIG. 4M) are repeatedly toggled by variouscomponents of the system as the system proceeds. The order and timing ofthe toggling are optionally used to distinguish and/or control stages ofoperation of the device and/or or to control a status indicator of thedevice. For example in the unactivated state, power switch 403 aisolates a power supply 405 from the power consuming components of thedevice.

FIG. 4A is a perspective external view of a multistage drug deliverydevice in an unactivated state in accordance with an embodiment of thecurrent invention. In some embodiments, pulling away a handle 438 and/ora protective cover 437 toggles a power switch 403 a and/or activates thedevice. Handle 438 is optionally connected to protective cover 437. Insome embodiments, a drug reservoir 414 is optionally visible through awindow 444 in a housing 450 of the device. Optionally, in theunactivated state, reservoir 414 is not illuminated. For example, beforeactivating the device a user and/or a supervisor may be able to lookinto the reservoir and determine the state of the contents; for exampleif the reservoir is properly filled, if the contents are the propercolor etc.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of a drug delivery device in an activatedstate in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Forexample, handle 438 and/or protective cover 437 have been pulled awayactivating the device. Optionally, removing cover 437 uncovers anadhesive layer 436 covering and/or a skin contact member 440. Forexample, in the activated state, skin contact member 440 may be extendedby a sleeve 430 past a needle tip. In some embodiments, in the activatedstate, reservoir 414 and/or window 444 are illuminated by a codedactivated indicator light 446 a (represented in FIG. 4B by the diamondsvisible in window 444). For example, the activated stage indicator light446 a may be a constant blue illumination of the reservoir. Optionally,indicator light 446 a may be more obvious than the physical state ofreservoir 414 and/or may obscure the physical state of reservoir 414.For example, when a user (who may be inexperienced) looks window 444during the activated stage, he sees the obvious blue light.

FIG. 4C is a perspective view of a drug delivery device in a dischargingstate in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Forexample, while the device is in the activated state, a user pushes skincontact member 440 against the skin 470 of a subject. Pressureoptionally collapses sleeve 430 and/or shortening housing 450.Optionally, shortening housing 450 exposes the tip of needle 410. Forexample, needle 410 may penetrate the skin 470 of a subject. A sensor(for example the power switch of the device) optionally senses thecollapse of sleeve 430. In some embodiments, in response to sensoroutput, a motor may start to drive a plunger 412 and/or to discharge thedrug and/or a coded discharging indicator may be initiated. In thedischarging state a user may optionally see plunger 412 as it passesalong reservoir 414. In some embodiments, in the activated state,reservoir 414 and/or window 444 are illuminated by coded activatedindicator light 446 b. For example, the discharging stage indicatorlight 446 b may be a blinking green illumination of the reservoir.Optionally, indicator light 446 b may be more obvious than the physicalstate of reservoir 414 and/or may obscure the physical state ofreservoir 414. For example, when a user (who may be inexperienced) lookswindow 444 during the discharging stage, he sees that obvious greenblinking light. In some embodiments, indicator light 446 b may reassurethe user that the device is operating properly and/or will avoid theuser getting confused trying to understand the state of the device fromthe appearance of reservoir 414.

FIG. 4D is a perspective view of a drug delivery device in a stoppedstate in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Forexample, after successful drug delivery, needle 410 has been retractedinto housing 450. In some embodiments, after successful delivery,reservoir 414 is illuminated by a coded activated indicator light 446 c.For example, after successful delivery indicator light 446 c may be aconstant green illumination of reservoir 414 and/or window 444. In someembodiments, once needle 410 has been retracted a user may remove thedevice from the subject. After delivery and/or in the stopped state drugreservoir 414 is visible through a window 444. Optionally, from theappearance of the reservoir it is possible to see the inside of thereservoir. For example, in FIG. 4C, plunger 412 is shown having movedall the way to the distal end of reservoir 414 indicating that all ofthe drug has been discharged. The reservoir optionally remains visiblewhether or not indicator 446 a-446 d is lit. For example, the userand/or a supervisor who can see whether the discharge completed whetheror not the electrical system of the device is working (for example afterthe power supply has been exhausted).

FIG. 4E is a perspective view of a drug delivery device in an errorstate after safety release in accordance with an embodiment of thecurrent invention. For example, when an error occurs after activation ofthe device, an error indicator 446 d (for example a red light) may bedisplayed. Optionally, upon seeing error indicator 446 d a user pushes asafety release button 448. Optionally, safety release button 448releases sleeve 430 and/or skin contact member 440 to extend outwardpast needle 410. For example extending sleeve 430 may retract needle 410from the subject to behind skin contact member 440. Extension of sleeve430 in the safety release state (for example as illustrated in FIG. 4E)is optionally further than extension in the activated state (for exampleas illustrated in FIG. 4B). An indicator strip 409 may be visible aftersafety release. For example indicator strip 409 may indicate that thesafety release has been activated and/or that discharge may have beenaborted and/or that needle 410 has been retracted by the safety releaseand/or that the device may be safely removed from the subject. Forexample, in FIG. 4C, plunger 412 is visible through window 444. Plunger412 is still located near the middle of reservoir 414 indicating thatnot all of the drug has been discharged. The reservoir optionallyremains visible whether or not indicator 446 a-446 d is lit. Forexample, the user and/or a supervisor who can see whether the dischargecompleted whether or not the electrical system of the device is working(for example after the power supply has been exhausted).

FIG. 4F is a cutaway viewing illustrating internal parts of a drugdelivery device in an unactivated state in accordance with an embodimentof the current invention. In some embodiments, a drug delivery devicemay include two sensor switches 403 a and 403 b. Optionally each switch403 a and 403 b includes a respective sensor arm 404 a and 404 b. In theunactivated state, power source 405 (for example a battery) isoptionally isolated from the active components of the system (forexample a motor 411 and/or a processor 426 and/or an output device, forexample LED 408). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 4F, powersource 405 is optionally isolated from the active components of thesystem by power switch 403 a which is in a disconnect configuration.Switch 403 a optionally remains in the disconnect configuration as longas sensor arm 404 a is deflected towards the body of switch 403 a. Insome embodiments, in the unactivated state and/or while sensor arm 404 aremains deflected towards the body of switch 403 a, substantially nopower is drained from power source 405 and/or the delivery deviceconsumes substantially no power. In some embodiments, sensor arm 404 amay be held deflected toward the body of switch 403 a by a protectiveneedle cover 402.

In some embodiments, switches 403 a-403 b may sense movements rangingbetween of 1 to 4 mm. For example arm 404 a and/or 404 b may include aflexible element and/or may bend. In some embodiments switches 403 a-403b movement of arm 404 a and/or 404 b may range between 4 mm to 10 mm.Activation force for the switch may range for example between 20 to 100gr. Switch dimensions may range between 5 to 9 mm but can be smaller orbigger.

FIG. 4G is a cutaway view illustrating internal parts of a drug deliverydevice in an activated state in accordance with an embodiment of thecurrent invention. Optionally, switch 403 a is toggled to a connectingstate and/or connects power source 405 to processor 426. For example,switch 403 a is toggled to a connecting state when a user removes aprotective cover 402. Particularly, in some embodiments, when cover 402is removed sensor arm 404 a is released and/or moves away from switch403 a, toggling switch 403 a to the connected configuration.

In some embodiments, when processor 426 is powered up from theunactivated state, processor 426 performs a device self test and/oractivates a second power circuit. If the self test is successful,processor 426 connects LED 408 to power source 405 and/or commands LED408 to indicate that the device is activated and/or ready forengagement.

FIG. 4H is a cutaway viewing illustrating internal parts of a drugdelivery device in an engaged and/or discharging state in accordancewith an embodiment of the current invention. Optionally, switch 403 a istoggled when the device is engaged to a subject; for example when needle410 extends into skin 470 of the subject. When the device in theactivated state, the device may respond to toggling of switch 403 a byentering a discharge state. Entering a discharge state may include forexample initiating discharge of the drug and/or indicating thatdischarge has started (for example via a coded indicator from LED 408).

In some embodiments, switch 403 a may be toggled by movement of skincontact member 440 with respect to housing 450. For example, a user mayhold housing 450 and/or press skin contact member 440 against skin 470of a subject until sleeve 430 collapses and/or slides into housing 450.Optionally as sleeve 430 moves with respect to housing 450, it contactsarm 404 a and/or toggles switch 403 a. For example as sleeve 430collapses a portion 442 of contact member 440 presses against arm 404 atoggling switch 403 a. As sleeve 430 slides into housing 450, needle 410is optionally exposed and/or inserted into skin 470. Optionally, afterthe activated stage, when switch 403 a is toggled to a disconnect state,the second power circuit continues to supply power from power source 405to processor 426 and/or other elements of the device. Optionally,processor 426 may include a timer and/or a real time clock. In someembodiments, processor 426 may track elapsed time between events and/orissue alerts and/or error messages and/or place the device into an errorstate when an expected event does not occur in the proper time periodand/or when events occur in an improper time period.

In some embodiments, discharge may be driven by a motor 411. Forexample, motor 411 may drive a transmission 432. Optionally transmission432 drives an telescoping screw 434 and/or plunger 412.

FIG. 4I is a close up cutaway perspective view illustrating internalparts of a drug delivery device in an unactivated state in accordancewith an embodiment of the current invention. Optionally, switch 403 aincludes spring metal ribbon sensor arm 404 a. In some embodiments, inthe unactivated state, arm 404 a is deflected towards the body of switch403 a by cover 402. Optionally, deflecting arm 404 a towards switch body403 a puts switch 403 a into a disconnecting state. Optionally, in theunactivated configuration, in the disconnected state, switch 403 aisolates power source 405 from processor 426.

FIG. 4J is a close up cutaway perspective view illustrating internalparts of a drug delivery device in an activated state in accordance withan embodiment of the current invention. In some embodiments, in theactivated state, cap 402 has been removed. For example, without cap 402,arm 404 a is free to move away from the body of switch 403 a.Optionally, arm 404 a moving away from body 403 a puts switch 403 a intoa connecting state. Optionally, in the activated configuration, switch403 a conducts electricity between power source 405 and processor 426.

FIG. 4K is a close up cutaway perspective view illustrating internalparts of a drug delivery device in an engaged and/or discharging statein accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In someembodiments, the device is engaged to a subject by pushing skin contactmember 440 against the skin of a subject and/or by collapsing skincontact member 440 towards housing 450. Optionally, sensor 403 a ismounted to a printed circuit board 428 which is stationary with respectto housing 450. Optionally, reservoir 414 and/or needle 410 are heldstationary with respect to housing 450 by a supporting sleeve 435 (forexample as illustrated in FIGS. 4F-4H). In some embodiments, as sleeve430 and/or skin contact member 440 collapse towards housing 450, needle410 moves with respect to skin contact member 440 and/or extends outfrom skin contact member 440 into skin 470 of the subject. In someembodiments, as sleeve 430 and/or skin contact member 440 collapsetowards housing 450, they push arm 404 a towards sensor body 403 a.Pushing arm 404 a toward sensor body 403 a toggles switch 403 a todisconnect the first power circuit. Optionally processor 426 detects thechange in state of sensor 403 a and puts the device into dischargingstate. Optionally, processor 426 and/or other components of the devicecontinue to receive power over the second power circuit.

FIGS. 4L-4M illustrate toggling a switch by retraction of reservoir 414and/or needle 410 in accordance with an embodiment of the currentinvention. In some embodiments, a drug distribution device may have twosensors 403 a-403 b. For example, the first sensor 403 a may be used asa power switch and/or to sense user actions for example includingunpacking the device (for example by removing a cover) and/or engagingthe device to a subject and/or emergency disengagement. In someembodiments, first sensor 403 a may be toggled by movement of, forexample, a protective cover 402 and/or a skin contact member 440 withrespect to needle 410 and/or with respect to housing 450, for example asillustrated in FIGS. 4A-4K. The second sensor 403 b may be toggled bymovement of the needle 410 and/or reservoir 414 with respect to thehousing of the device.

In some embodiments, second sensor arm 404 b is distanced from secondswitch 403 b before and/or during operation of a drug delivery device(for example in the engaged state as illustrated for example in FIG.4L). Optionally, when needle 410 and/or reservoir 414 are retracted,reservoir 414 pushes arm 404 b towards switch 403 b toggling switch 403b. Depending on the order of previous operations and/or timing thereof(for example as described in FIG. 1B and the accompanying description),processor 426 optionally responds to toggling of sensor 403 b as a signof premature end to delivery and/or successful completion of delivery.Optionally processor 426 responds to toggling of sensor 403 b byactivating an appropriate state indicator and or by starting or stoppingan appropriate device (for example stopping discharge and/or locking theinjector).

In some embodiments, according to the order and/or timing toggling offirst and/or second switches 403 a-403 b, the device differentiatesbetween premature retraction (for example due to obstruction of a fluidpath) and retraction at the end of delivery (as illustrated for examplein FIG. 4M, where plunger 412 has reached the end of reservoir 414and/or discharged the entire contents of reservoir 414). For example ifthe delay between the beginning of discharge and toggling switch 403 bis less than 95% of the expected delivery time and/or less than 85% ofthe expected delivery time and/or less than 70% of the expected deliverytime, it may be assumed that discharge did not go to completion. If thedelay ranges for example between 80% to 120% and/or between 50% and 200%and/or between 25% and 400% then the discharging may be assumed to havegone to completion. Alternatively or additionally, it may be assumedthat injection didn't go to completion when the time between thebeginning of discharge and toggling switch 403 b is less than 95% of theminimum expected delivery time and/or less than 85% of the minimumexpected delivery time and/or less than 70% of the minimum expecteddelivery time. Alternatively or additionally, an error may be indicatedif the delay ranges for example greater than 105% and greater than 110%and/or greater than 120% and/or greater than 200% and/or greater than400% of the maximum expected delivery time.

In some embodiments, a sensor may detect injection volume and/or plungermovement. In some embodiments, when the injection volume and/or plungermovement is less than a value validated as full dose, an error stateand/or alarm may be set. When sensor toggling is on time and/or withplunger travel is within the expected range the process continueswithout error. Injection volume and/or plunger position and/or timingare optionally used together. For example when plunger movement isfaster and/or slower than a prescribed value, an error state may beentered.

In some embodiments, according to the order and/or timing toggling offirst and/or second switches 403 a-403 b, the device differentiatesbetween retraction due to a user releasing a safety release (for exampleas illustrated in FIG. 4E and automatic retraction and retraction forexample as illustrated in FIG. 4M (for example automatic retraction maybe due to completion of delivery and/or a obstruction of a fluid path).For example, during automatic retraction reservoir 414 may toggle sensor403 b without affecting sensor 403 a; whereas safety release from anengaged state (caused for example by a user pushing safety releasebutton 448) may cause extension of skin contact element 440 togglingsensor 403 a without affecting sensor 403 b.

In some embodiments switch 403 b may be used during a self check. Forexample at startup if switch 403 b is not in the proper startingposition than an error may be indicated and/or an error state entered.For example, if second sensor arm 404 b is pushed towards sensor body403 b at start up, then it may be a sign that reservoir 414 is not inthe proper position.

In some embodiments the device of FIGS. 4A-4M operates according to themethodology of FIGS. 1A-1B.

Power Switch Sensing Needle Movements

FIGS. 5A-5B are various views of a drug delivery device in which asingle power switch serves to activate a device and/or sense engaging ofthe device and/or sense retraction of a needle in accordance with anembodiment of the current invention. In some embodiments, a flexibleportion 542 of skin contact member 440 toggles switch 403 a when thedevice is engaged. For example as illustrated in FIG. 5A, in the engagedstate flexible portion is sandwiched between reservoir 414 and sensorarm 404 a and/or pushes sensor arm 404 a toward switch 403 a. Whenneedle 410 and/or reservoir 414 are retracted (for example at the end ofdischarging as illustrated for example in FIG. 5B) flexible portion 542and/or sensor arm 404 a are released and/or switch 403 a is toggled.Optionally in the embodiment of FIGS. 5A-5B, a processor differentiatesbetween automatic release at the completion of discharge and othercauses of retraction (for example automatic retraction due toobstruction of a flow path and/or manual retraction resulting fromactivation of a safety release) based on the timing of the toggling ofsensor 403 a and/or plunger position and/or the combination of plungerposition over time by other means. For example if the delay between thebeginning of discharge and toggling switch 403 b is less than 80% of theexpected delivery time and/or less than 50% of the expected deliverytime and/or less than 25% of the expected delivery time, it may beassumed that discharge did not go to completion. If the delay ranges forexample between 95% to 110% and/or between 85% and 120% and/or between75% and 140% then the discharging may be assumed to have gone tocompletion. If the delay is greater than 105% and/or greater than 120%and/or greater than 150% it may be assumed that an error occurred. Forcases where an accurate does measurement is available (for example aplunger position sensor) a measure dosage range for example between 97%to 105% and/or between 95% and 110% and/or between 90% and 120% then thedischarging may be assumed to have gone to completion. Otherwise, it maybe assumed that an error occurred.

As illustrated for example in FIGS. 5A-5B, a drug delivery device may becontrolled using a single power switch 403 a. Optionally the switch 403a of the device of FIGS. 5A-5B may be toggled by the removal of a safetycover and/or activate the device as illustrated for example in FIG.4F-4G.

FIGS. 6A-6D are schematic views of a state sensing assembly inaccordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In someembodiments, a simple mechanical switch 604 may be used in anunactivated state to isolate a power source 605 for example asillustrated in FIG. 6A. Switch 604 may be toggled to activate thedevice, for example as illustrated in FIG. 6B. Switch may be furthertoggled by movements of a needle 610 and/or a reservoir 614. Forexample, when the device is engaged (as illustrated for example in FIG.6C) insertion of needle 610 into a subject may further toggle switch 604and/or further toggling of switch 604 may initiate drug discharge and/oran indicator. For example, when the device is disengaged (as illustratedfor example in FIG. 6D) retraction of needle 610 from the subject mayagain toggle switch 604 and/or again toggling of switch 604 may stop thedevice and/or initiate another indicator.

FIG. 6A illustrates a drug delivery device in an inactive state inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In someembodiments, removal of a protective cover 602 may toggle switch 604 toconnect power source 605 to a controller 626 (for example as illustratedin FIG. 6B). Power may be supplied via switch 604 over a first powercircuit 627 a. Once activated, controller 626 optionally opens a selfpowering circuit (for example by opening a MOFSET switch) to supplypower over a second power circuit 627 b.

FIG. 6C illustrates a drug delivery device in an engaged and/ordischarging state in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. For example, extension of needle 610 may toggle switch 604 toa disconnect state. Optionally after activation, circuit 627 b suppliespower to controller 626 and/or switch 604 acts as a sensor of needleposition. For example, extension of needle 610 toggles switch 604 to thedisconnect state indicating to controller 626 that the system is in anengaged state. For example, retraction of needle 610 toggles switch 604to the connect state (as illustrated for example in FIG. 6D) indicatingto controller 626 that the system is in a disengaged state.

Exemplary Dimensions of a Drug Delivery Device

In some embodiments the payload of a reservoir (for example a syringe)may include, for example between 0.5 and 2 ml and/or between 2 and 4 mland/or between 4 and 5 ml of a drug and/or more. In some embodiments,the injector may discharge the entire payload as a single dose. A drugdelivery device may include, for example, a pen injector, and/or aninternally powered driver to drive the plunger and/or discharge thepayload. For the sake of this application an internally powered injectordriver may be defined as a drive mechanism powered by energy stored atleast temporarily within the injector. Power may be stored in a powersupply, for instance as chemical potential (for example a chemical thatproduces an expanding gas and/or a battery) and/or mechanical potential(for example stored in an elastic member and/or a spring and/or apressurized gas). For example the driver may be designed to dischargethe payload over a time period ranging between 20 and 120 seconds and/orbetween 120 and 600 seconds and/or longer. In some embodiments,discharge may be driven by a driver. An internally powered driver may bepowered by various mechanisms including for example a motor (includingfor example a DC motor, an actuator, a brushless motor) and/or atransmission including for example a telescoping assembly and/or athreaded element and/or a gear and/or a coupling and/or an elasticmechanism (for example a spring and/or a rubber band) and/or anexpanding gas and/or a hydraulic actuator).

A drug delivery device in accordance with some embodiments of thecurrent invention may include reservoir. For example a reservoir mayinclude a medicine container and/or a standard type syringe. Optionallya standard type syringe may be preloaded with medicine using standardequipment and/or in an aseptic room. A preloaded standard type syringemay optionally include a proximal opening. A plunger may optionally sealthe proximal opening and/or protect the sterility of the contents of thesyringe. A sterile needle (for example a hollow needle) may optionallybe connected to the syringe barrel. For example, the hollow of theneedle may be in fluid communication with the interior of the barrel.The needle may optionally be rigidly attached to the distal end of thebarrel. The sterility of all and/or part of the needle may for examplebe protected by a sterile cover. The sterile cover may remain on theneedle when the syringe is supplied and/or installed into an injector.For example, the medicine container may optionally include a cylindricalbarrel rigidly attached to a needle. Optionally, the long axes of theneedle and barrel of the syringe may be parallel and/or coaxial.Optionally, the needle may be mounted on the distal end of the barrel.Optionally the needle point may be pointing in the distal direction. Insome embodiments a plunger may slide axially along the inside of thebarrel to discharge a medicine payload. For example, the medicine may bedischarged through the hollow needle.

An aspect ratio of the base may be defined as the ratio of the length ofthe longest axis of the base to the shortest axis. Optionally the axisratio may range between 1 to 1.5 and/or 1.5 to 2 and/or between 2 to 3and/or greater than 3. In some embodiments, the height of the injectormay range between half the length of the short axis of the base to thelength of the short axis of the base and/or between the length of theshort axis of the base to twice the length of the short axis of the baseand/or greater than the twice length of the short axis of the base. Theheight of the injector may supply leverage for pivoting the adhesive offthe skin of a patient after use.

In some embodiments, the force to insert the needle to the skin of apatient may range for example between 0.02 to 0.2 N and/or between 0.2and 0.5 N. Optionally, the force required to inject the drug (forexample the force on a syringe plunger) may range for example between 5to 60 N. For example the force required to inject the drug may depend onthe injection rate and/or the viscosity of the drug and/or the syringegeometry and/or the needle dimensions.

In some embodiments a needle protection mechanism may be triggered by alinear force greater than, for example, between 10 to 60 N.

For example, drug delivery device may include an autoinjector. Theautoinjector may be activated by manually pushing with enough force toinsert the needle. The device may then apply an injection force toinject a drug. Once the entire drug is injected and/or when there is anobstruction and/or occlusion, the injection force may rise until itpasses a threshold triggering safeguarding of the needle and/or endinginjection.

For example in the event of an occlusion and/or at the end of delivery,the linear force generated by the device may increase to the level of upto 60 N. A needle safeguarding mechanism (for example a needleretraction mechanism) may be sensitive to the force. For examplemechanism may include a snap that gives way at 40 N returning the needleto the retracted position.

In some embodiments, the stress to inject a medicine and/or to triggersafeguarding of a needle may include a torque. For example, injection ofmedicine may be driven by a plunger. The plunger may optionally bedriven by a threaded assembly, for example a threaded screw and/or teethand/or a telescoping assembly. Optionally the pitch of the teeth and/oran associated screw may range for example between 0.5 and 2 mm. Thediameter of the screw may range for example between 2.5 and 15 mm. Thetorque to power injection may range for example between 0.2 and 1.0N*cm. The trigger torque (the torque at which the needle safeguarding istriggered) may range for example between to 0.5 to 2 and/or from 2 to 4and/or from 4 to 10 N*cm.

In some embodiments a safety mechanism may include linear movement ofthe ranging between 5 to 15 mm. For example movement of the safetymechanism may include extension of a needle during insertion and/orretraction of the needle and/or extensions of a safety shield and/orretraction of a safety shield. Optionally a needle insertion length (forexample the length of needle inserted into a patient) may range forexample between 3 to 12 mm.

During injection, the linear movement of a plunger may range for examplebetween 10-50 mm. The length of movement of the plunger may vary forexample with the volume of medicine to be injected that may range forexample between 0.5 to 3 ml.

In some embodiments, a safeguarding mechanism may be sensitive to atorque. For example, the needle may be retracted when the mechanism isexposed to a twisting moment. Optionally, discharge may be driven by atorque. For example the driver may apply torque to threaded elementpushing a plunger. When the torque on the driver reaches a thresholdvalue, the needle may be released and/or retracted and/or a needleshield may be deployed. Alternatively or additionally the triggermechanism may require both a torque and a linear force. For example,requiring both a torque and a linear stress may prevent prematureactivation due to momentary friction.

In some embodiments a time of discharge may range may depend on the fillvolume and/or viscosity For example the expected injection speeds may beInjection speed depend on viscosity, for example for viscosity rangingfrom 1 cp to 15 cp the expected injection rage may range between 30 to40 sec/1 ml, for example for viscosity ranging from 15 cp to 60 cp theexpected injection rate may range between 35 to 60 sec/ml for viscosityabove 60 cp the expected injection rate may range between 53 to 67 sec/1ml. The maximum and/or minimum expected injection time may for examplebe the maximum and/or minimum allowed fill volume divided by aninjection rate. For example an expected time of discharge may range forexample between 24 to 48 seconds (for example for between 0.8 and 1.2 mlof fluid having a viscosity ranging between 1 to 15 cp) and/or between36 to 68 seconds (for example for between 1.2 and 1.7 ml of fluid havinga viscosity ranging between 1 to 15 cp) and/or between 51 to 92 seconds(for example for between 1.7 and 2.3 ml of fluid having a viscositybetween 1 to 15 cp) and/or between 70 to 150 seconds (for example for2.0 to 2.5 ml of fluid having a viscosity of between 15 and 40 cp)and/or between 120 seconds and 3 minutes for larger volumes and/orviscosities

It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from thisapplication many relevant technologies will be developed and the scopeof the terms are intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

As used herein the term “about” refers to ±5%

The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “having”and their conjugates mean “including but not limited to”.

The term “consisting of” means “including and limited to”.

The term “consisting essentially of” means that the composition, methodor structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, butonly if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materiallyalter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition,method or structure.

As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include pluralreferences unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example,the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a pluralityof compounds, including mixtures thereof.

Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention maybe presented in a range format. It should be understood that thedescription in range format is merely for convenience and brevity andshould not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of theinvention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be consideredto have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well asindividual numerical values within that range. For example, descriptionof a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specificallydisclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numberswithin that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This appliesregardless of the breadth of the range.

Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to includeany cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range.The phrases “ranging/ranges between” a first indicate number and asecond indicate number and “ranging/ranges from” a first indicate number“to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and aremeant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all thefractional and integral numerals therebetween.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, forclarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also beprovided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in thecontext of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or inany suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other describedembodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the contextof various embodiments are not to be considered essential features ofthose embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without thoseelements.

Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specificembodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modificationsand variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scopeof the appended claims.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in thisspecification are herein incorporated in their entirety by referenceinto the specification, to the same extent as if each individualpublication, patent or patent application was specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Inaddition, citation or identification of any reference in thisapplication shall not be construed as an admission that such referenceis available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent thatsection headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarilylimiting.

We claim:
 1. A method of reusing a power switch as a sensor to indicatemultiple stages of operation of a drug delivery device, the methodcomprising: providing a drug delivery device where a power switchinterrupts a power supply circuit; toggling of the switch to activatethe drug delivery device; engaging the drug delivery device to asubject, said engaging causing a re-toggling of the switch while thedrug delivery device remains activated; initiating discharge of a drugfrom the drug delivery device in response to said re-toggling of theswitch.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein during when said power supplyis interrupted, substantially no power is consumed by the drug deliverydevice.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting, by asensor during discharge of the drug from the drug delivery device,whether a plunger movement occurs within a predetermined range in apredefined time period; and entering, by the drug delivery device, anerror state when said plunger movement occurs outside of saidpredetermined range in said predetermined time period.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said initiating discharge of the drug occurs inresponse to said re-toggling of the switch in a predefined time periodafter said toggling of the switch and wherein if said re-toggling doesnot occur within said time period, the drug device performs at least oneof the following actions: cease operation, lock in a neutralized state,warn a user of a fault in operation, or take a corrective action.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said toggling of the switch is performed byremoving a protective element from the drug delivery device, saidprotective element being configured to inhibiting said engaging of thedrug delivery device to the subject prior to removal of the protectiveelement from the drug delivery device.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: disengaging of said drug delivery device from said subjectcausing a third toggling of said switch; indicating to a user of acompletion of delivery via a coded output in response to said thirdtoggling of said switch.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:disengaging of said drug delivery device from said subject causing athird toggling of said switch; stopping discharge of the drug inresponse to said third toggling of said switch.